As an organization focused on bringing the
separate agendas of individual and
community development together through
the progression of a live project, Case 3's
modus operandi reflects the principles of
action learning as advanced by McGill and
Beaty (1992) and Revans (1983): the young
volunteers being the action learners, the
community project serving as the action
learning problem, and Case 3's field officers
operating as facilitators of learning for the
volunteers and a project result for the
community. On the basis, then, that Case 3's
primary product is the facilitation of peopleand
societal-based learning, it would not be
unrealistic to expect this organization to
exhibit a developmental infrastructure and
focus. Our voluntary organization also
illustrates aspects of non-employee
development as discussed by Walton (1996).
He defines (Watson, 1996, p. 121) nonemployees
as ``individuals or groups who
have some relationship with an organisation
but are not in an employer-employee
relationship'', and cites volunteers as an
example. Walton argues that muchmainstream HRD literature and practice is
aimed at the employees of an organization
with little or no reference to the learning
needs of non-employees. This implies that
there is an omission in traditional HRD
thinking to recognize: