Type 1 Portland cement (OPC) complying with ASTM
C150(American Society for Testing and Materials, 2009)was used in
all compositions. BAwas obtained from a sugar plant in the Singburi
province of Thailand. Ash that had originally been dumped in an
open area was collected, dried, and homogenized. LS was obtained
from an industrial rock crushing plant located in Saraburi province,
Thailand. The chemical compositions and physical properties of the
cement, as-received BA, and LS are listed in Table 1. The mineralogical
compositions of the BA and LS were determined using X-ray
diffraction (Fig. 3). Themajor phases were quartz in BA and calcite in
LS. The surface characteristics of the materials were examined using
a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and images obtained at
approximately 1000 magnification are provided in Fig. 4.