Market-to-book value measurement Several techniques are on offer to measure intellectual capital at organisational levels such as marketto-book value (Roos et.al. 1997:2; Sveiby 1997a: 3-18; Knight 1999; Dzinkowski 2000), Tobin q (Chung & Pruitt 1994; Stewart 1997:225-226; Chung et al. 1998; Flamholtz& Main 1999; Dzinkowski 2000), CIV (Stewart 1997:226-229; Dzinknowski 2000; IFAC 1998; Abdolmohammadi et.al. 2001), direct intellectual capital method (Abdolmohammadi et al. 2001), Baruch Lev’s Knowledge Capital Valuation (Westphal 2001), and Paul Strassmann’s Knowledge Capital Valuation (Westphal 2001). The market to book value is the most popular indicator (Knight 1999). However,its validity has not been empirically tested.