In order to continue to harvest the socio-economic benefits of aviation in a way that is compatible with mid-century climate stabilization trajectories, the challenge is to ‘decouple’ growth in aviation from growth emissions. To do so, a range of public policy tools is available to facilitate change. The stringency and timing of public policy interventions to control aviation emissions could have far-reaching impacts both on the future growth of travelism and, indirectly, on the natural resources on which tourism depends. At the one extreme, the current failure of governmance could persist, and the failure of markets to internalize the cost of environmental externalities could continue. In such a scenario, the environmental and tourism impacts could be devastating. At the other, the policy environment could become more stringent through a combination of climate change response policies, thereby increasing the real cost of air travel in a very price-sensitive tourism and aviation industry. Climate change mitigation policies could include, for example, command-and-control type limits on emissions, market-based incentives, or consumer behavioural change achieved through information-based approaches (see Chapter 2). This chapter focuses on public policy options for facilitating the mitigation measures for air transport emissions. Before turning to a more detailed analysis of these options, the landscape for policy-making is described.