The review of literature identified two additional factors that
may impact patency rates of CVADs. Patency is improved with
the use of positive-pressure valve caps on central line catheters
(Bowers, et al, 2008; Jasinsky & Wurster, 2009). These
positive-pressure valve caps operate to prevent reflux of blood
and resultant catheter lumen occlusion. Actual flushing techniques
also impact patency of CVADs (Hadaway, 2006). Positive-pressure
flushing techniques can help prevent blood reflux
when used with negative-pressure needleless infusion caps but
may actually promote blood reflux when used with positivepressure
valve caps. Because appropriate flushing technique
varies with the type of valve cap used, education of staff nurses
is inherent to ensuring best practice and patient outcomes.