Transaction Authorization
The objective of transaction authorization is to ensure that only valid transactions are processed. In the following sections, we see how this objective applies in each of the three systems.
CREDIT CHECK. Credit checking of prospective customers is a credit department function. This department ensures the proper application of the firm’s credit policies. The principal concern is the credit- worthiness of the customer. In making this judgment, the credit department may employ various techniques and tests. The complexity of credit procedures will vary depending on the organization, its relationship with the customer, and the materiality of the transaction. Credit approval for first-time customers may take time. Credit decisions that fall within a sales employee’s general authority (such as verifying that the current transaction does not exceed the customer’s credit limit) may be dealt with very quickly. Whatever level of test is deemed necessary by company policy, the transaction should not proceed further until credit is approved.
RETURN POLICY. Because credit approval is generally a credit department function, that department authorizes the processing of sales returns as well. An approval determination is based on the nature of the sale and the circumstances of the return. The concepts of specific and general authority also influence this activity. Most organizations have specific rules for granting cash refunds and credits to customers based on the immateriality of the transaction. As immateriality increases, credit approval becomes more formal.