This meta-analysis of the relation between moral development and recidivism consisted
of 19 studies reporting on N = 15,992 individuals. Table 1 shows an overview
of all studies with effect sizes. For the interpretations of the magnitude of effect sizes,
the criteria formulated by J. Cohen (1988) were used. Effect sizes are categorized as
r = .10 (small), r = .25 (moderate), and r = .40 (large). In one case, the study by
Kantner (1985), an effect size estimate of r = .00 was assigned, because this study did
not contain sufficient statistical information and reported nonsignificant resul