MethodsStudy AreaFrom May 2007 through August 2009 we conducted interview surveys in villages adjacent to seven of Thailand’s protected areas (Fig. 1). Primary habitats include moist evergreen forest, mixed-deciduous forest, dry deciduous, and dry evergreen forest. On average, the region receives <1,000 mm precipitation per year [12]. Adjacent to protected areas are numerous villages with agricultural areas that mostly include cassava fields and eucalyptus plantations.Our study areas included Khao Yai National Park (KYNP) and six wildlife sanctuaries: Dong Yai (DY), Khao Ang Rue Nai (KARN), Huai Sala (HS), Huai Samran (HSM), Huai Tabtan (HT), and Phanom Dongrak (PD). Khao Yai National Park (2,168 km2) was the first national park established in Thailand and has been a majorMongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.7 (4):765-780, 2014Tropical Conservation Science | ISSN 1940-0829 | Tropicalconservationscience.org767focus for tourism and long-term wildlife monitoring programs [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. Khao Yai National Park and Dong Yai Wildlife Sanctuary (DY) are both part of the Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site that combines five protected areas, totaling 6,155 km2 [18]. Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary covers 1,079 km2, and the absence of a buffer zone increases the likelihood of direct human-wildlife interaction.The other wildlife sanctuaries to the east follow the Phatam-Khao Phanom Dongrak ridgeline running along the border of Cambodia. We included these areas to fill a knowledge gap because most previous studies or surveys of carnivores focused on western Thailand, omitting protected areas near the Thai-Cambodian border. Although there are frequent reports of illegal logging from these reserves [19], some of the areas may have lower wildlife poaching rates due to the presence of land mines [20].
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