The Structure of Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Thai Society
Professor Dr. Yoshihide “sakurai
Hokkaido University
1 The theory of Civil Society in Thailand
1-1 The 9.19 Coup D’etat
The coup d’etat that broke out on September 19, 2006 in Bangkok surprised Thai researchers.
In Thailand, after the boldly 1991-92 struggles for democracy, a new constitution was finally enacted in 1997. the Chuan Leekpai government of the Democratic Part born under that new constitution, having been forced to reduce its finances under the direction of the IMF in the aftermath of the Asian economic crisis, disregarded the pleas of the Assembly of the Poor. As a result, the Assembly, mostly rural peasants, staged a 99-day sit-in in front of the Government House demanding direct negotiations on such issues as debt relief and environmental protection. Later, in the 2001 general election, this government suffered major losses to the Thai Rak Thai Party. Thaksin Shinawatra, its leader, had managed to become prime Minister in just a few years after entering politics with finances from his enormous business success in the cell-phone and IT industries. Thaksin garnered overwhelming support from rural peasants in the northern and northeastern regions through populist policies such as debt relief to peasants 30-baht medical relief, and a one-million-baht grant to create new industry and a project to promote tambon subdistricts. White Thaksin’s CEO-style politics was supported by citizens who favored the growing Thai economy, he came under increasing criticism for his autocratic approach (The conflicts with muslims in deep southern Thailand, which will be discussed, and the shootings of drug dealers Thai numbered 2,673 in 2003 alone). his political cronyism and nepotism (appointments of his family members and friends to key cabinet and military positions ; favoring his own corporations), as well as his nontransparent asset transactions (tax evasion and stock sales to a Singaporean company),.
Once again, the king and the military, at the highest level of power in Thailand, settled the situation in a patriotic manner. On September 19, 2006, a coup d’etat was engineered by General Sonthi, the Army Commander-in-Chief. Although Thaksin, on a trip to the United States, declared a state of emergency from New York, he could not stop the activities in Bangkok. On October 1, General Sonthi appointed Privy Council member Surayud Chulanont, who had retired from the Army to become a civilian three years earlier, as interim prime Minster. The tasks of this caretaker cabinet were to found a legislative assembly and national assembly, select Constitution Draft Constitution Draft Committee members and national assembly, select Constitution Draft Committee members, promulgate a new constitution, and carry out a general election by the end of the next year.
โครงสร้างของสังคมแยกและรวมในสังคมไทยดร. Yoshihide "ซะกุไรมหาวิทยาลัยฮอกไกโด1 ทฤษฎีประชาสังคมในประเทศไทย1-1 9.19 ประหาร D'etatD'etat ประหารที่ร้องไห้บน 19 กันยายน 2006 กรุงเทพฯ ประหลาดใจนักวิจัยไทยIn Thailand, after the boldly 1991-92 struggles for democracy, a new constitution was finally enacted in 1997. the Chuan Leekpai government of the Democratic Part born under that new constitution, having been forced to reduce its finances under the direction of the IMF in the aftermath of the Asian economic crisis, disregarded the pleas of the Assembly of the Poor. As a result, the Assembly, mostly rural peasants, staged a 99-day sit-in in front of the Government House demanding direct negotiations on such issues as debt relief and environmental protection. Later, in the 2001 general election, this government suffered major losses to the Thai Rak Thai Party. Thaksin Shinawatra, its leader, had managed to become prime Minister in just a few years after entering politics with finances from his enormous business success in the cell-phone and IT industries. Thaksin garnered overwhelming support from rural peasants in the northern and northeastern regions through populist policies such as debt relief to peasants 30-baht medical relief, and a one-million-baht grant to create new industry and a project to promote tambon subdistricts. White Thaksin’s CEO-style politics was supported by citizens who favored the growing Thai economy, he came under increasing criticism for his autocratic approach (The conflicts with muslims in deep southern Thailand, which will be discussed, and the shootings of drug dealers Thai numbered 2,673 in 2003 alone). his political cronyism and nepotism (appointments of his family members and friends to key cabinet and military positions ; favoring his own corporations), as well as his nontransparent asset transactions (tax evasion and stock sales to a Singaporean company),.ครั้ง พระมหากษัตริย์และทหาร ที่ระดับสูงสุดในไทย แล้วสถานการณ์ในลักษณะรักชาติ 19 กันยายน 2006, d'etat รัฐประหารได้วางแผน โดยทั่วไปสนธิ จอมทัพกองทัพ ถึงแม้ว่าทักษิณ ในการเดินทางไปสหรัฐอเมริกา ประกาศสถานะของฉุกเฉินจากนิวยอร์ก เขาไม่สามารถหยุดกิจกรรมในกรุงเทพมหานคร บน 1 ตุลาคม ทั่วไปสนธิแต่งตั้งสมาชิกองคมนตรีพล.อ.สุรยุทธ์จุลานนท์ ที่ได้ปลดเกษียณจากกองทัพเป็น พลเรือนเป็นสามปีก่อนหน้านี้ เป็นนายกชั่วมินสเตอร์ งานนี้ผู้ดูแลคณะรัฐมนตรีสภานิติบัญญัติและสภาผู้แทน เลือกสมาชิกกรรมการร่างรัฐธรรมนูญของร่างรัฐธรรมนูญและรัฐสภา เลือกสมาชิกคณะกรรมการร่างรัฐธรรมนูญ คะแนนรัฐธรรมนูญใหม่ และดำเนินการเลือกตั้งทั่วไป โดยสิ้นปีถัดไปได้
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