Materials and orange juice preparation
Mature oranges originating in Portugal and randomly purchased from local commercial establishments (Porto, Portugal) were squeezed using a domestic juicer and the juice was filtered in order to eliminate the solids in suspension, preventing the obstruction of the atomizer of the spray dryer The content of the total soluble solids of the juice was adjusted to 1.5% (w/v) with a digital refractometer (model PR-32a (alpha), Brix 0e32%, Atago U.S.A., Inc., WA, U.S.A) and 2% (w/v) of the drying agent 10 DE maltodextrin (Sigma) was added. This mixture was dissolved under magnetic stirring at 40 C.