Each value in the table is the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Means in the same column with different superscript letters indicate significant
differences among strains (P < 0.05). CFE, cell-free extract; CFS-MRS, cell-free supernatant De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe; CFS-RSM, cell-free supernatant
reconstituted skim milk; LAB, lactic acid bacteria; ND, not detected.