Table 1
Proximate composition and amino acid composition (on % dry matter basis) of raw and fermented groundnut oil cake.
Nutrients
Proximate composition Moisture
Dry mattera
Crude protein
Crude lipid Ash
Crude fibre NFE
Total carbohydrateb Gross energy (kJ g−1 )c Total free amino acid Total free fatty acid Tannin
Phytic acid Trypsin inhibitor
Amino acid composition Argenine
Histidine
Isoleusine
Leusine Lysine Methyonine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine
Raw GOC 8.22b ± 0.3
91.78a ± 0.3 41.73a ± 0.6 7.7a ± 0.25 5.76a ± 0.19 4.61b ± 0.33 31.99a ± 1.32 36.6b ± 0.99 19.12a ± 0.4 0.85a ± 0.04 1.07a ± 0.06 2.7b ± 0.04 2.55b ± 0.07 1.23 ± 0.08
4.6a ± 0.11 1.0a ± 0.08 1.49a ± 0.07 2.87a ± 0.15 1.69a ± 0.04 0.53a ± 0.05 2.2b ± 0.07 1.18a ± 0.04 0.48b ± 0.02 1.86b ± 0.09
Fermented GOC 2.7a ± 0.2
97.3b ± 0.2 46.37b ± 0.67 8.6b ± 0.36 6.75b ± 0.17 2.37a ± 0.25 33.22b ± 1.09 35.58a ± 0.87 20.18b ± 0.2 1.14b ± 0.04 1.7b ± 0.31 0.16a ± 0.02 1.05a ± 0.05 0.41 ± 0.04
4.87b ± 0.15 1.3b ± 0.05 1.86b ± 0.06 2.83a ± 0.05 1.96b ± 0.06 0.71b ± 0.05 1.98a ± 0.08 1.33b ± 0.04 0.43a ± 0.03 1.71a ± 0.05
% Increase (↑)/reduction (↓) –
– 11.1↑ 11.7↑ 14.7↑ 48.6↓ –
–
– 34.1↑ 58.9↑ 94.1↓ 58.8↓ 66.6↓
5.4↑ 23.1↑ 20↑ 1.4↓ 13.8↑ 25.4↑ 10↓ 11.3↑ 10.4↓ 8.1↓
Values are means ± SE of three determinations. Values with the same superscript in the same row are not significantly different (P < 0.05) from each other.
a Includes organic matter and ash. Dried to constant weight at 100 ◦ C.
b Total carbohydrate = NFE + Crude fibre.
c kJ = Kilojoule (Unit of energy).