1. Find the holes in the new motherboard for the standoffs. You should install standoffs in the
chassis wherever there is a matching screw hole in the motherboard. Note that screw holes typically
have a ring of solder (solid or dotted) around them, which acts as a grounding point.
Sometimes boards will have other holes that are not designed for screws; these will not have the
ground pad and should not use a metal standoff or screw (see Figure 19.13).
2. Screw any standoffs into the new case in the proper positions to align with the screw holes in
the motherboard (see Figure 19.14).
3. Most motherboards today attach either directly to the chassis or to a removable motherboard
tray. Figure 19.15 shows three types of standoffs, including two brass types and one plastic. One
screws directly to the chassis or tray, whereas the others attach to the motherboard and then
slide into notches in the case or tray. Most chassis use the metal screw-in standoffs; the other
types are rarely used anymore