This section focuses attention on eight principles, called "golden rules/' that
are applicable in most interactive systems. These principles, derived from
experience and refined over two decades, need validation and tuning for specific
design domains. No list such as this can be complete, but it has been well
received as a useful guide to students and designers.
1. Striz.1efor consistency. This rule is the most frequently violated one, but following
it can be tricky because there are many forms of consistency. Consistent
sequences of actions should be required in similar situations; identical terminology
should be used in prompts, menus, and help screens; and consistent
color, layout, capitalization, fonts, and so on should be employed throughout.
Exceptions, such as required confirmation of the delete command or no
echoing of passwords, should be comprehensible and limited in number.
2. Cater to 11lliversallisability. Recognize the needs of diverse users and design
for plasticity, facilitating transformation of content. Novice-expert differences,
age ranges, disabilities, and technology diversity each enrich the spectrum of
requirements that guides design. Adding features for novices, such as explanations,
and features for experts, such as shortcuts and faster pacing, can
enrich the interface design and improve perceived system quality.
3. Offer informative feedback. For every user action, there should be system feedback.
For frequent and minor actions, the response can be modest, whereas
for infrequent and major actions, the response should be more substantial.
Visual presentation of the objects of interest provides a convenient environment
for shO\·ing changes explicitly (see the discussion of direct manipulation
in Chapter 6).
This section focuses attention on eight principles, called "golden rules/' that
are applicable in most interactive systems. These principles, derived from
experience and refined over two decades, need validation and tuning for specific
design domains. No list such as this can be complete, but it has been well
received as a useful guide to students and designers.
1. Striz.1efor consistency. This rule is the most frequently violated one, but following
it can be tricky because there are many forms of consistency. Consistent
sequences of actions should be required in similar situations; identical terminology
should be used in prompts, menus, and help screens; and consistent
color, layout, capitalization, fonts, and so on should be employed throughout.
Exceptions, such as required confirmation of the delete command or no
echoing of passwords, should be comprehensible and limited in number.
2. Cater to 11lliversallisability. Recognize the needs of diverse users and design
for plasticity, facilitating transformation of content. Novice-expert differences,
age ranges, disabilities, and technology diversity each enrich the spectrum of
requirements that guides design. Adding features for novices, such as explanations,
and features for experts, such as shortcuts and faster pacing, can
enrich the interface design and improve perceived system quality.
3. Offer informative feedback. For every user action, there should be system feedback.
For frequent and minor actions, the response can be modest, whereas
for infrequent and major actions, the response should be more substantial.
Visual presentation of the objects of interest provides a convenient environment
for shO\·ing changes explicitly (see the discussion of direct manipulation
in Chapter 6).
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