No additional victimization-related findings were noted when other reference groups were used (i.e.,Clinical-Improving), suggesting that future work should be directed at distinguishing differences between groups of children who are symptomatic. Given that predictors were most explanatory when Resilient children were used as the reference group, this work underscores the importance of including positive functioning in studies of violence and PTSS, and reinforces the need to consider group-based approaches that will help distinguish patterns of resilience from other developmental presentations. The value of examining positive functioning may also relate to the surprising lack of findings with regard to internalizing/externalizing symptomatology. Although previous research has identified an association between broad problematic functioning and PTSS (Miller et al., 2012; Reynolds et al., 2001), such a relationship was not found here. Qualities of healthy functioning may be more influential in this sample of children who generally fell below the clinical threshold for PTSS.