Introduction Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) is a complex intervention involving several steps that may all contain potential sources of variability. Changing practice in complex multidisciplinary environments is diffi cult. In addition, it is undecided whether IIT should be applied by nurses and
physicians, or nurses alone. We implemented IIT using a conceptual implementation framework and compared overall blood glucose control and incidence of severe hypoglycemia (SH) (blood glucose level (BGL)