Insomnia - Treatment
Treatments for insomnia
Insomnia will often improve by making changes to your bedtime habits. If these don't help, your GP may be able to recommend other treatments.
If you've had insomnia for more than four weeks, your GP may recommend cognitive and behavioural treatments or suggest a short course of prescription sleeping tablets as a temporary measure.
If it's possible to identify an underlying cause of your sleeping difficulties, treating this may be enough to return your sleep to normal.
The various treatments for insomnia are outlined below. You can also read a summary of the pros and cons of the treatments for insomnia, allowing you to compare your treatment options.
Good sleeping habits
Your GP will be able to advise you about what you can do at home to help you sleep. This is known as "sleep hygiene" and includes:
• establishing fixed times for going to bed and waking up
• creating a relaxing bedtime routine
• only going to bed when you feel tired
• maintaining a comfortable sleeping environment that's not too hot, cold, noisy or bright
• not napping during the day
• avoiding caffeine, nicotine and alcohol late at night
• avoiding eating a heavy meal late at night
Read more about self-help tips for insomnia.
Cognitive and behavioural treatments
If changing your sleeping habits doesn't help, your GP may be able to refer you for a type of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) that's specifically designed for people with insomnia (CBT-I).
The aim of CBT-I is to change unhelpful thoughts and behaviours that may be contributing to your insomnia. It's an effective treatment for many people and can have long-lasting results.
CBT-I may include:
• stimulus-control therapy – which aims to help you associate the bedroom with sleep and establish a consistent sleep/wake pattern
• sleep restriction therapy – limiting the amount of time spent in bed to the actual amount of time spent asleep, creating mild sleep deprivation; sleep time is then increased as your sleeping improves
• relaxation training – aims to reduce tension or minimise intrusive thoughts that may be interfering with sleep
• paradoxical intention – you try to stay awake and avoid any intention of falling asleep; it's used if you have trouble getting to sleep, but not maintaining sleep
• biofeedback – sensors connected to a machine are placed on your body to measure your body's functions, such as muscle tension and heart rate; the machine produces pictures or sounds to help you recognise when you're not relaxed