- CS: content of starch; CSS: content of soluble sugar; BY: biomass yield (Mg e million grams).
- 1.11 (in E2-2) is the ratio of converting starch into sugar, which is based on the hydrolysis reaction of starch: (C6H10O5)n þ nH2O ¼ nC6H10O6; i.e., every unit of starch can produce 1.11 units of sugar (in weight).
- for E2-3: 0.51 is the coefficient of sugar converting into ethanol; 0.85 is the process efficiency; 1000/0.79 is the density of ethanol (The Institution of Japan Energy, 2006).