Utilitarian – simply sums the utilities of the three persons. This is a consequentialist philosophy in that actions are to be evaluated in terms of the preferences of individuals for various consequences, which, in turn, can be aggregated. This is simply the greatest good. This is the foundation for cost-benefit analysis. It does not differentially weight any one’s utility, whether rich or poor, its founders perceived it to be both egalitarian and democratic. Egalitarian in that individuals exhibit declining marginal utility with respect for wealth which justifies some level of redistribution from rich to poor. It is Democratic because it posits that the utility of everybody counts. Criticism – offers weak protection for fundamental individual rights, because it does not guarantee minimal allocations to individuals.