It is generally believed that in dissolution process the solvent system destroys the hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules through the formation of new hydrogen bonds with cellulose, at same time solvent prevents cellulose from forming hydrogen bonds again, which leads to cellulose dissolution (Cai et al. 2008), more details of the dissolution process will be shown in the section Dissolutionregeneration methods. After dissolution, cellulose molecules are dispersed in the solution, and during the regeneration process, cellulose molecules are rearranged through hydrogen bonding and form RNC. The conditions of regeneration process greatly affect the morphology, size and other properties of products. RNC is a part of regenerated cellulose, but it is different from other regenerated cellulose because of its small size and large specific surface area, which can be realized by controlling the regeneration process. Some reviews (Wsoo et al. 2020; Kerwald et al. 2022) focus on that regenerated cellulose fibers produced by the electrospinning process, and these products are beyond the scope of RNC discussed in this paper because of their large size. In the process of dissolution and regeneration, the molecular chains and hydrogen bonding network of native cellulose I allomorph have been reconstructed, and the products that are composed of cellulose II are more thermodynamically stable (Shin et al. 2018).