Carbon continues to be the most widely used electrochemical
support based on its high conductivity, thermal and chemical stability,
along with its tunable surface characteristics (Stein et al.,
2009). Research in the field of carbon material design and fabrication
has vastly improved our fundamental understanding of the
correlation between physiochemical properties and performance.
Recent advances in nanocarbons allow materials to be designed
at the molecular level in three dimensions with hierarchal pore
structures and surface properties tailored for a specific functionality
(Tang et al., 2014). Designer nanocarbon materials exhibit superior
performance to bulk carbon materials, however their synthesis
is still complex, energy intensive, and has yet to be deemed