different type of education , such as vocational versus academic schooling, or different academic majors, have different impacts on both the costs of education and educational results. And different approaches to the provision of education and to determining where resources are used can also affect the productivity of resource use. Economically efficient use of resources within the educational sector requires that they be allocated to maximize educational outcomes. Even small losses in efficiency can waste billions of dollars in an educational sector that is spending almost $300 billion a year, not to mention the waste of student time and the other human costs