Summary Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the global issues caused by rising atmospheric
CO2. The rising pCO2 and resulting pH decrease has altered ocean carbonate chemistry. Microbes
are key components of marine environments involved in nutrient cycles and carbon flow in marine
ecosystems. However, these marine microbes and the microbial processes are sensitive to ocean
pH shift. Thus, OA affects the microbial diversity, primary productivity and trace gases emission in
oceans. Apart from that, it can also manipulate the microbial activities such as quorum sensing,
extracellular enzyme activity and nitrogen cycling. Short-term laboratory experiments, mesocosm
studies and changing marine diversity scenarios have illustrated undesirable effects of OA
on marine microorganisms and ecosystems. However, from the microbial perspective, the current
understanding on effect of OA is based mainly on limited experimental studies. It is challenging to
predict response of marine microbes based on such experiments for this complex process. To
study the response of marine microbes towards OA, multiple approaches should be implemented
by using functional genomics, new generation microscopy, small-scale interaction among organisms
and/or between organic matter and organisms. This review focuses on the response of
marine microorganisms to OA and the experimental approaches to investigate the effect
of changing ocean carbonate chemistry on microbial mediated processes.
Summary Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the global issues caused by rising atmosphericCO2. The rising pCO2 and resulting pH decrease has altered ocean carbonate chemistry. Microbesare key components of marine environments involved in nutrient cycles and carbon flow in marineecosystems. However, these marine microbes and the microbial processes are sensitive to oceanpH shift. Thus, OA affects the microbial diversity, primary productivity and trace gases emission inoceans. Apart from that, it can also manipulate the microbial activities such as quorum sensing,extracellular enzyme activity and nitrogen cycling. Short-term laboratory experiments, mesocosmstudies and changing marine diversity scenarios have illustrated undesirable effects of OAon marine microorganisms and ecosystems. However, from the microbial perspective, the currentunderstanding on effect of OA is based mainly on limited experimental studies. It is challenging topredict response of marine microbes based on such experiments for this complex process. Tostudy the response of marine microbes towards OA, multiple approaches should be implementedby using functional genomics, new generation microscopy, small-scale interaction among organismsand/or between organic matter and organisms. This review focuses on the response ofmarine microorganisms to OA and the experimental approaches to investigate the effectof changing ocean carbonate chemistry on microbial mediated processes.
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