Background: One of the key principles in the recommended standards is that emergency medical service (EMS)
providers should continuously monitor the quality and safety of their services. This requires service providers to
implement performance monitoring using appropriate and relevant measures including key performance indicators.
In Asia, EMS systems are at different developmental phases and maturity. This will create difficultly in benchmarking
or assessing the quality of EMS performance across the region. An attempt was made to compare the EMS
performance index based on the structure, process, and outcome analysis.