Nutrition
While asymbiotic corals entirely rely on heterotrophic
sources (particulate and dissolved organic matter), symbiotic corals are mixotrophs as they rely on hetero- and autotrophy (synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic
ones). The animal host is heterotroph, ingesting a wide
range of particles, while the symbionts are autotrophs,
through their photosynthetic activity. Photosynthates are,
however, very rich in carbon, but often deficient in other
elemental molecules, such as nitrogen and phosphorus,
which are essential for growth (reviewed by Houlbreque &
Ferrier-Pages 2009). Thus, both nutrition modes are
important for coral fitness.
Organic nutrients
Depending on its form, organic matter is usually categorized in dissolved and particulate matter. The latter can be
divided into detrital or living particulate matter. Dissolved
organic matter includes, among others, sugars, free amino
acids and urea (Groveret al.2006, 2008). Detrital organic
matter is mainly in the form of marine snow, or sediment
particles, which are deposited and can be resuspended near
the corals (Anthony 1999). Finally, live particulate matter
contains all sorts of planktonic organisms, including pico-,
nano- and mesozooplankton (Houlbreque & Ferrier-Pages
2009). However, due to physical constraints or to their
feeding selectivity, not all coral species can ingest all ranges
of particles (Sorokin 1991; Sebenset al. 1996; Lealet al.
2014b). It is important to note that there is no ideal prey to
nourish corals, as feeding preferences vary with coral species and prey capture rates. In addition, digestion is species
specific (Lealet al.2014c).
Fed corals have a twofold faster organic matrix synthesis,
calcification, protein and lipid content than starved corals
(Houlbreque & Ferrier-Pages 2009). Skeletal growth
increases in fed corals, as was verified for Stylophora pistillata, Turbinaria reniformis, Pocillopora damicornis, Seriato
NutritionWhile asymbiotic corals entirely rely on heterotrophicsources (particulate and dissolved organic matter), symbiotic corals are mixotrophs as they rely on hetero- and autotrophy (synthesis of organic molecules from inorganicones). The animal host is heterotroph, ingesting a widerange of particles, while the symbionts are autotrophs,through their photosynthetic activity. Photosynthates are,however, very rich in carbon, but often deficient in otherelemental molecules, such as nitrogen and phosphorus,which are essential for growth (reviewed by Houlbreque &Ferrier-Pages 2009). Thus, both nutrition modes areimportant for coral fitness.Organic nutrientsDepending on its form, organic matter is usually categorized in dissolved and particulate matter. The latter can bedivided into detrital or living particulate matter. Dissolvedorganic matter includes, among others, sugars, free aminoacids and urea (Groveret al.2006, 2008). Detrital organicmatter is mainly in the form of marine snow, or sedimentparticles, which are deposited and can be resuspended nearthe corals (Anthony 1999). Finally, live particulate mattercontains all sorts of planktonic organisms, including pico-,nano- and mesozooplankton (Houlbreque & Ferrier-Pages2009). However, due to physical constraints or to theirfeeding selectivity, not all coral species can ingest all rangesof particles (Sorokin 1991; Sebenset al. 1996; Lealet al.2014b) สิ่งสำคัญคือต้องทราบว่า มีเหยื่อไม่เหมาะให้บำรุง ปะการังเป็นอาหารลักษณะแตกต่างกับพันธุ์ปะการัง และกลุ่มเป้าหมายพิเศษจับ นอกจากนี้ ย่อยอาหารเป็นชนิดเฉพาะ (Lealet al.2014c)แนวปะการังที่ยังคงมีการสังเคราะห์เร็วอินทรีย์เมตริกซ์สองเท่าเนื้อหา calcification โปรตีน และไขมันกว่าปะการัง starved(Houlbr eque และปลายแห่ง Ferrier es 2009) เจริญเติบโตอีกเพิ่มเลี้ยงดูปะการัง ถูกตรวจสอบสำหรับ Pocillopora damicornis, Seriato, Stylophora pistillata, Turbinaria reniformis
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