Despite the attenuated glycemic response, the rate of insulin
secretion did not significantly differ between ingestion of either
pretzel. Although the carbohydrate concentration is diluted in
the chyme, protein and lipid also stimulate glucagon-like
peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
(GIP) which stimulate the release of insulin. This finding
is consistent with the observation that high protein foods, such as
lentils, elicit insulin responses greater than that predicted from
the glycemic response.Veldhorst et al. similarly showed that
increasing soy protein concentration in a custard matrix
increased insulinemia but not GI.However, Pereira et al.
showed that habitual fibrous diets can increase insulin sensitivity,
in effect attenuating blood glucose levels after a meal.In this study, because of the heterogeneity of the macronutrient
composition in the pretzel matrix, we cannot correlate glycemia
and insulinemia.