Another attempt to improve access to spoken English by profoundly deaf children was the advent of wearable multichannel vibrotactile aids in the 1980s. These aids were designed to present temporal and spectral aspects of speechthrough a body-worn vibrator. These devices were expected to be valuable complements to hearing aids and lip reading for comprehension of speech in the profoundly deaf. However, no improvement in speech or language skills over those achieved with hearing aids alone has been documented, even after several years of intensive training .