The sugar composition of cane brown sugar was determined
using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method
adapted from Xu, Niimi, and Han (2006) with slight modifications.
Briefly, 0.3 g of sample was dissolved in 20 ml distilled water, and
then filtered through a Millex-LH 0.45-lm membrane filter (Millipore
Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). The columns used were Shodex
SUGAR KS-801 and KS-802 columns (300 8.0 mm2 internal
diameter [i.d.]; 6-lm particle size; Showa Denko Co. Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) connected to a Shodex SUGAR KS-G (50 6.0 mm2 i.d.)
guard column. A TOSO-8010 HPLC system (Toso Co. Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) equipped with a refractive index detector model RI-8010
was used. The TOSO-CCPD pump was operated in isocratic mode
with distilled water at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and the CO-8010
oven was programed at a constant temperature of 60 C. Samples
and standards (30 ll) were injected through an AS-8010 auto sampler.
The composition and concentration of sugars were calibrated
by plotting peak area against concentration for the respective sugar
standards, and expressed as grams per 100