Results were limited by the following. First, we were unable to assess how representative the tested population was of all camp children because minimal camp demographic information is available. Second, statistical power was reduced by sample size, and by truncated interviews in Nupo. Third, we were unable to test all cosmetics or remedies to which children were exposed. Fourth, we were unable to conduct extensive environmental testing. Finally, information about potential dangers of some traditional remedies and spices might have led respondents to stop or deny using them (eg, “Gaw Mo Dah”). Still, all major identified risk factors were plausible causes of EBLLs and provided a framework for initial steps toward remediation in the Thailand-Burma border camps. Interestingly, the associations between BLL, age, and gender contrast with previously published reports on USresettled refugees from Asia, which found no association between EBLL and age or gender.30 This discrepancy could be because non–age-specific environmental exposures, such as leaded gasoline, which were more prevalent