The rise of sustainable development is related to complex historical processes,
including modifications in various practices (of assessing the viability and impact
of development projects, obtaining knowledge at the local level, development
assistance by NGOs); new social situations (the failure of top-down development
projects, new social and ecological problems associated with that failure, new forms
of protest, deficiencies that have become accentuated); and international economic
and technological factors (new international divisions of labor with the concomitant
globalization of ecological degradation, coupled with novel technologies that measure
such degradation). What needs to be explained, however, is precisely why the
response to this set of conditions has taken the form of “sustainable development,”
and what important problems might be associated with it. Four aspects are involved
in answering this question.
The rise of sustainable development is related to complex historical processes,
including modifications in various practices (of assessing the viability and impact
of development projects, obtaining knowledge at the local level, development
assistance by NGOs); new social situations (the failure of top-down development
projects, new social and ecological problems associated with that failure, new forms
of protest, deficiencies that have become accentuated); and international economic
and technological factors (new international divisions of labor with the concomitant
globalization of ecological degradation, coupled with novel technologies that measure
such degradation). What needs to be explained, however, is precisely why the
response to this set of conditions has taken the form of “sustainable development,”
and what important problems might be associated with it. Four aspects are involved
in answering this question.
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