A dynamic valgus alignment is more frequently
observed in female athletes compared to males .
These biomechanical and neuromuscular mechanisms may
be links to the pathogenesis of PFPS in young female
athletes . The functional or dynamic valgus
may influence patella tracking leading to lateralization of
the patella . Souza et al. performed kinematic
imaging of the patellofemoral joint using an open MRI to
measure femur and patella rotation in PFPS patients. In this
study, altered patellofemoral joint kinematics in females
with PFPS was related to excessive medial rotation of the
femur and lateral rotation of the patella