n this respect, the present results show promising inhibitory activities of hemp oils against Gram (+) opportunistic/pathogens such as Clostridium spp. and Enterococcus spp. Moreover, other clostridia species, very similar to C. dificile, have been also recognised as nosocomial multi antibiotic-resistant pathogens [23] and [24], and some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium sporogenes can produce neurotoxin A and B that are associated with botulism and colitis [24] and [25], whereas Clostridium bifermentas can originate bacteraemia and abscess [26] and [27]. In addition, there are many cases in which clostridia are reported as food-borne pathogens and implicated in food spoilage [28].