Recently, various artificial structures and an increasing
amount of pollutants brought about by industrial development
have severely degraded the global environment,
which in turn reminds us of the importance of material
circulation, the food chain and water supply. Currently,
concrete is heavily used as one of the major construction
materials in modern industrial society. However, the
construction of concrete structures has resulted in the
alteration of natural ecosystems and less natural habitats,
which has reduced the self-purifying capacity of the
natural inhabitants of those ecosystems. This factor in
conjunction with an increasing environmental load has led
to a disruption in the environmental balance and is the
cause of severe water pollution. In particular, common
concrete used along the waterside pollutes water and soil
through the alkaline substances that are contained in it,
which in turn adversely affects the ecosystem [1–3].