This study
used systematic baking trials based on a central composite design to investigate the influence of these
two gums and their combination on gluten-free model systems. It was found that the effect of the hydrocolloids
on the gluten-free model systems of this study varied according to the raw materials used.
HPMC had a positive linear effect on volume of teff and maize breads and a negative linear effect on this
parameter in rice breads, while the volume of buckwheat bread did not change. Xanthan addition had
a negative linear effect on loaf volume of all breads. HPMC addition reduced crumb hardness of teff,
buckwheat, maize and rice bread. Xanthan increased the crumb hardness of teff and buckwheat breads,
while rice breadcrumb remained uninfluenced. Crumb hardness values of maize breads were reduced by
xanthan addition. Also crumb grain characteristics such as area of cells and wall thickness was influenced
by the hydrocolloids. Optimisation trials were carried out in order to determine optimal water and
hydrocolloid addition levels.