Flow in a Process Pipe
Another example of the relationship between energy and fluid velocity is the flow of fluid in a process pipe of uniform and fixed cross section (A), as shown in Figure 9-1. The differential pressure (AP) between the inlet and the outlet causes the fluid to flow in the pipe.
The flow of fluid is maintained by the energy difference between the inlet and the outlet. Let's find the fluid velocity (v) in terms of the inlet pressure P1 and the outlet pressure P2, assuming no energy loss in the pipe. Since the pipe has a uniform area A, the pressure at the inlet is P1 and the pressure at the outlet is P2. The total force at the input is F1 = A1A, and the total force at the output is F2 = P2AL
Since AL is the volume of the pipe, the work is given by given by the following:
Work = Energy = ( P1 - P2) (Volume)
The complete energy equation for a flow system must include all possible energy terms, including "internal energy" changes ( the energy stored in each molecule of the fluid ). This energy includes molecular kinetic energy, molecular rotational energy, potential energy binding forces between molecules, and so on. This internal energy is significant only in laminar flow, where high frictional forces can raise the temperature of the fluid. However, in process control we generally encounter turbulent flow, so we can ignore internal energy in most cases.
Assuming that the flow in Figure 9-1 steady, let's find the energy relationship for flow in a uniform pipe. We have just shown that the work (energy) done in moving a fluid through a section of pipe is as follows:
Energy = PV
Flow in a Process Pipe
Another example of the relationship between energy and fluid velocity is the flow of fluid in a process pipe of uniform and fixed cross section (A), as shown in Figure 9-1. The differential pressure (AP) between the inlet and the outlet causes the fluid to flow in the pipe.
The flow of fluid is maintained by the energy difference between the inlet and the outlet. Let's find the fluid velocity (v) in terms of the inlet pressure P1 and the outlet pressure P2, assuming no energy loss in the pipe. Since the pipe has a uniform area A, the pressure at the inlet is P1 and the pressure at the outlet is P2. The total force at the input is F1 = A1A, and the total force at the output is F2 = P2AL
Since AL is the volume of the pipe, the work is given by given by the following:
Work = Energy = ( P1 - P2) (Volume)
The complete energy equation for a flow system must include all possible energy terms, including "internal energy" changes ( the energy stored in each molecule of the fluid ). This energy includes molecular kinetic energy, molecular rotational energy, potential energy binding forces between molecules, and so on. This internal energy is significant only in laminar flow, where high frictional forces can raise the temperature of the fluid. However, in process control we generally encounter turbulent flow, so we can ignore internal energy in most cases.
Assuming that the flow in Figure 9-1 steady, let's find the energy relationship for flow in a uniform pipe. We have just shown that the work (energy) done in moving a fluid through a section of pipe is as follows:
Energy = PV
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