A cultural view of scientific literacy is related to values, as when a person reads about and
understands issues relating to science and technology in the media or society. The potential of
science to inform and empower understanding and decision making by individuals, community
activists, or other groups, is different. Jenkins (1990), however, argues that scientific literacy
is not free value. Arguments for scientific literacy may not easily cross national or cultural
boundaries. In other words, scientific literacy can only be understood by reference to the values
that support science itself within a given society. A utilitarian view of scientific literacy is
that of holding essential knowledge, skills and attitudes for a career. People who have scientific
literacy thus may have better opportunities to engage in productive careers. The literature
suggests that there are various frameworks that share common themes. Those frameworks
could be addressed as following.