Prior to this publication, Séralini had built a reputation for producing papers that purported to show a variety of negative health effects from eating GMOs and every single one of these publications had been challenged and found to be in error in one way or another. The 2012 paper recorded dramatic increases in the mortality rates of both male and female rats that had the treatment of GMO corn and herbicide. He concluded this was evidence of the toxicity of both the GMO and the herbicide.