1. Introduction
E-learning has become an important part of our educational life. Different web-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) have been developed to support the learner in the learning process. Previous learning methods were restricted to access and assimilation of knowledge. A web-based system is a valuable support for face to-face communication as well as a way of transmitting the learning material to enhance the students own studies. The pedagogical techniques [4], which improves the learning efficiency and learner engagement in E-learning are creating and upgrading the course contents through good presentation styles, usage of themes and analogies in presenting certain key concepts, game based challenges in exercise, creating and management of customized course contents and disciplined use of a life cycle process for creating and upgrading the course.
Due to growth of E-learning in education and corporate training sector[7], interest in personalization of content delivery using multimedia for delivering E-learning, wider access to broadband, Wi-Fi and 3G mobile networks have derived the E-learning field towards the Ubiquitous learning.
User model [21] has important role in adaptive learning systems. User modeling is a modeling of the cognitive process of the human users and their skills and declarative knowledge. User modeling is used in adaptive hypermedia, web personalization and E-learning. The entire contents in the paper are organized in following ways: Section 2 is discussing about adaptive learning approaches. Section 3 is for personalization methods and Section 4 for user modeling in an E-learning environment. Last section is discussing about conclusion and future aspects.