4. Discussion
We found that women with exposure to low-moderate levels of arsenic via residential drinking water were approximately 2–3 times more likely to report a previous diagnosis of anemia than unexposed women. Effects were stronger for pregnancy anemia, particularly for women exposed to >0–5 µg/L drinking water arsenic, but confidence intervals were wide due to a limited number of cases. Our study appears to be the first report to suggest a higher prevalence of pregnancy anemia among women with low-moderate level drinking water arsenic exposure.