nor of any other work which all other men must labor at to obtain a crop of corn ; but when the river has come of its own accord and irrigated their fields, and having irrigated them has subsided, then each man sows his own land and turns his swine into it; and when the seed has been trodden into it by the swine he waits for harvest time ; then he gathers it in.
As the sine trod in the seed, so apes were tamed and taught to pluck fruit from the trees. And the same Nile that irrigated the fields deposited upon them, in its inundation, thousands of fish in shallow pools ; even the same net with which the peasant fished during the day was used around his head at night as a double protection against mosquitoes. nevertheless it was not he who profited by the bounty of the river. Every acre of the soil belonged to the Pharaoh, and other men could use it only by his kind indulgence ; every tiller of the earth had to pay him an annual tax of men or twenty per cent in kind. Large tracts were owned by the feudal barons or other wealthy men ; the size of some of these estates may be judged from the circumstance that one of them had fifteen hundred cows. Cereals, fish and meat were the chief items of diet. One fragment tells the school-boy what he is permitted to eat ; it includes thirty-three forms of flesh, forty-eight baked meats, and twenty-four varieties of drink. The rich washed down their meals with wine, the poor with barley beer.
The lot of the peasant was hard. The farmer was subject only to the middleman and the tax-collector, who dealt with him on the most time - honored of economic principles, taking all that the traffic would bear out of the produce of the land. Here is how a complacent contemporary scribe conceived the life of the men who fed ancient Egypt :
Dost thou not recall the picture of the farmer when the tenth of his grain is levied ? Worms have destroyed half the wheat, and the hippopotami have eaten the rest ; there are swarms of rats in the fields, the grasshoppers alight there, the cattle devour, the little birds pilfer ; and if the farmer loses dight for an instant of what remains on the ground, it is carried off by robbers ; moreover, the thongs which bind the iron and the hoe are worn out, and the team has died at the plough. It is then that the scribe steps out of the boat at the landing-place to levy the tithe, and there come the Keepers of the Doors of the Granary with cudgels, and Negroes with ribs of plam-leaves, crying, Come now, come! There is none, and they throw the cultivator full length upon the ground, bind him, drag him to the canal, and fling him in head first : his wife is bound with him, his children are put into chains. the neighbors in the meantime leave him and fly to save their grain.
it is a characteristic bit of literary exaggeration ; but the author might have added that the peasant was subject at any time to the corvice doing forced labor for the King, derdging the canals, building roads, tilling the royal lands, or dragging great stones and obelisks for pyramids, temples and palaces. probably a majority of the laborers in the field were moderarely content, accepting their poverty. many of them were organized, and women an childen from abroad were sold to the higheat bidder at home. An old relief in the Leyden Museum picture a long procession of Asiatic captives passing gloomily into the land of bondage : one sees them still alive on that vivid stone, their hands ties behind their backs or their heads, or thrust through rude handcuffs of wood ; their faces empty with the apathy that has known the last despair.
หรืองานอื่น ใดทั้งหมดอื่น ๆ คนต้องแรงงานที่สามารถเก็บเกี่ยวข้าวโพด แต่เมื่อแม่ได้มาของตนเองสอดคล้อง และชลประทานเขตข้อมูล และมีชลประทานมี subsided แล้วแต่ละคน sows ที่ดินของเขาเอง และจะสุกรของเขาลงไป และเมื่อเมล็ดพันธุ์มีการเหยียบย่ำลงไป โดยสุกรที่เขารอเวลาเก็บเกี่ยว จากนั้น เขารวบรวมได้ในการเป็นไซน์ trod ในเมล็ด ดังนั้นลิงถูก tamed และสอนเด็ดผลไม้จากต้น และแม่น้ำไนล์เดียวที่ชลประทานฟิลด์ฝากเข้า ใน inundation ของ พันปลาในสระตื้น แม้สุทธิเหมือนกับชาวนาที่จับเวลาใช้รอบศีรษะของเขาในเวลากลางคืนเป็นการป้องกันยุงคู่ อย่างไรก็ตาม ไม่ผู้ profited โดยความโปรดปรานของแม่น้ำ เอเคอร์ทุกดินเป็นสมาชิกฟาโรห์ และคนอื่น ๆ สามารถใช้ โดยเฉพาะการปลดปล่อยของเขาชนิด ทุกเสือโลกจ่ายเขามีภาษีประจำปีของคนหรือร้อยละยี่สิบในชนิดได้ รามิดขนาดใหญ่ได้เป็นขุนนางครั้งศักดินาหรือคนอื่น ๆ รวย ขนาดของนิคมเหล่านี้อาจถูกตัดสินจากราคาว่า หนึ่งในนั้นมีวัวห้าร้อย ธัญพืช ปลา และเนื้อมีสินค้าสำคัญของอาหาร ส่วนหนึ่งบอกให้เด็กเรียนสิ่งที่เขาได้รับอนุญาตให้กิน รวมแบบฟอร์มสามสิบสาม ของเนื้อ เนื้อสัตว์อบแปดสี่สิบ ยี่สิบสี่พันธุ์ดื่ม คนรวยล้างลงรับประทานอาหารกับไวน์ ยากจนกับข้าวบาร์เลย์เบียร์The lot of the peasant was hard. The farmer was subject only to the middleman and the tax-collector, who dealt with him on the most time - honored of economic principles, taking all that the traffic would bear out of the produce of the land. Here is how a complacent contemporary scribe conceived the life of the men who fed ancient Egypt : Dost thou not recall the picture of the farmer when the tenth of his grain is levied ? Worms have destroyed half the wheat, and the hippopotami have eaten the rest ; there are swarms of rats in the fields, the grasshoppers alight there, the cattle devour, the little birds pilfer ; and if the farmer loses dight for an instant of what remains on the ground, it is carried off by robbers ; moreover, the thongs which bind the iron and the hoe are worn out, and the team has died at the plough. It is then that the scribe steps out of the boat at the landing-place to levy the tithe, and there come the Keepers of the Doors of the Granary with cudgels, and Negroes with ribs of plam-leaves, crying, Come now, come! There is none, and they throw the cultivator full length upon the ground, bind him, drag him to the canal, and fling him in head first : his wife is bound with him, his children are put into chains. the neighbors in the meantime leave him and fly to save their grain.it is a characteristic bit of literary exaggeration ; but the author might have added that the peasant was subject at any time to the corvice doing forced labor for the King, derdging the canals, building roads, tilling the royal lands, or dragging great stones and obelisks for pyramids, temples and palaces. probably a majority of the laborers in the field were moderarely content, accepting their poverty. many of them were organized, and women an childen from abroad were sold to the higheat bidder at home. An old relief in the Leyden Museum picture a long procession of Asiatic captives passing gloomily into the land of bondage : one sees them still alive on that vivid stone, their hands ties behind their backs or their heads, or thrust through rude handcuffs of wood ; their faces empty with the apathy that has known the last despair.
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