In present review, the authors focused radically on the
expansion of rubber plantations as the agricultural land use
changes by delineating a unique landscape structure (i.e.,
the pattern and extent) of the ecotope of malaria-associated
rubber plantations (MRP). This agricultural intensification
is considered the main driver that has the potential effects
on malaria transmission dynamics occurring in forest-related
and forest fringe-related malaria in Thailand [26, 27]. The
MRP ecotope, on the other hand, can be depicted as the
hotspot ofmodelingmalaria transmission dynamics upon the
MRP factors underlying human settlements and movement
activities (e.g., revisiting rubber plantation polygon(s) and
routine rubber plantation practices), health behaviors, land
use/land cover change, malaria vector population dynamics,
and agrienvironmental and climatic conditions. Of note, this
review synthesized the novel concepts and perspectives on
applied landscape ecology and epidemiology of malaria, as
well as approaches to determine the degree to which theMRP
ecotope as fundamental landscape scale can establishmalaria
infection pocket(s). The challenge is that the advancement
of malaria ecotoping in any hotspots pertaining to malaria
epidemiology landscape change is to integrate systemic and
uniform approaches and tools for modeling malaria transmission
bymaking use of remotely sensed satellite imagery or
landscape aerial photography using unmanned aerial vehicle