a-cMean values within a row having different superscripts are significantly different by least significant
difference test (P < 0.05). 1
Means represent 3 pens.
2
Ten parts per million avilamycin (AB); 200 ppm essential oil extract (EOE) from oregano, cinnamon, and
pepper; 5,000 ppm Labiatae extract (LE) from sage, thyme, and rosemary. 3
P > 0.10