Specificity appears to be harder to change than mechanism
through site-directed mutagenesis. However, a recent
paper shows a double mutant of the xylanase 10A from
Pseudomonas cellulosa with significantly improved specificity
for the hydrolysis of glucose-derived substrates compared
with that of their xylose equivalents [47•]. Success in
changing specificity has also been achieved in the absenceof
structural information by using directed molecular evolution,
involving multiple rounds of mutagenesis,
functional screening, and amplification. An excellent
example of this has been provided by Zhang et al. [48]
using PCR-based DNA shuffling. After seven rounds of
shuffling, a 1000-fold increase in the specificity for a chromogenic
fucoside substrate over that for a galactoside was
obtained using the Escherichia coli (lacZ) -galactosidase.
Although the bulk of the specificity change was effected
through a destruction of galactosidase activity, there was a
significant (10- to 20-fold) increase in fucosidase activity.
Useful changes in glycosidase specificity through directed
molecular evolution should be expected in the next few
years given the relative ease of screening these enzymes
and the large number of families known.
Specificity appears to be harder to change than mechanism
through site-directed mutagenesis. However, a recent
paper shows a double mutant of the xylanase 10A from
Pseudomonas cellulosa with significantly improved specificity
for the hydrolysis of glucose-derived substrates compared
with that of their xylose equivalents [47•]. Success in
changing specificity has also been achieved in the absenceof
structural information by using directed molecular evolution,
involving multiple rounds of mutagenesis,
functional screening, and amplification. An excellent
example of this has been provided by Zhang et al. [48]
using PCR-based DNA shuffling. After seven rounds of
shuffling, a 1000-fold increase in the specificity for a chromogenic
fucoside substrate over that for a galactoside was
obtained using the Escherichia coli (lacZ) -galactosidase.
Although the bulk of the specificity change was effected
through a destruction of galactosidase activity, there was a
significant (10- to 20-fold) increase in fucosidase activity.
Useful changes in glycosidase specificity through directed
molecular evolution should be expected in the next few
years given the relative ease of screening these enzymes
and the large number of families known.
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