Advantages
(1) Domestic currency expands only when foreign exchange reserves rise. Thus,
there is no way that the monetary authority can use money financing to support government
spending.
(2) A currency board system is a solution to the problem of lack of transparency
and commitment. A currency board involves a strong commitment to the fixed exchange
rate regime and can be effective in bringing down inflation quickly and in decreasing the
likelihood of a successful speculative attack against the currency.
Disadvantages
(1) A loss of the monetary authority’s independent monetary policy. The monetary
authority can no longer create money and act as lender-of-last-resort.
(2) An increased exposure to shock from the anchor economy.
(3) When the currency is under speculative attack, the unlimited exchange of
domestic currency for foreign currency leads to a sharp contraction of money supply