WPI addition brought about an increase, the extent depending on protein contentin crumb hardness probably as a result of the crumb walls surrounding the air cells and the strengthening of the crumb structure by the protein particles.These results agree with those obtained by Gómez, OlieteRosell, Pando, and Fernández (2008) who observed that addition of chickpea flour in cakes also induced an increase in their initial firmnessMoreover, in their recent work Paraskevopoulou, Amvrosiadou