Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of maternal mortality, is associated with up to 35% of maternal deaths worldwide, the vast majority of which occur in low-income countries, where a significant proportion of births still occur in community settings.[1] [2] [3] PPH is caused by three main conditions: uterine atony, lacerations, or retained products of conception. It also may result from complications of cesarean section, ruptured uterus, disseminated intravascular coagulopathies, and other pregnancy complications. One intervention, first studied in the early 1960s, that has recently been investigated for PPH reduction is tranexamic acid (TXA), a fibrinolysis inhibitor now used routinely to decrease bleeding during surgical procedures.[4] [5] [6] [7] TXA has proven to be useful for treating a wide range of hemorrhagic conditions. The drug reduces postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in several types of surgery and dental procedures and appears to reduce rates of mortality and urgent surgery in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A recent trial found that the early administration of TXA significantly reduced mortality among trauma patients.[6] [7] Since this trial, TXA has been added to the WHO essential medicines list.