Introduction: Nanoscale materials (carbon nanotubes—CNTs, nanoparticles,
nanocomposites, etc.) play an important role in techniques,
engineering, electronics, optoelectronics, chemistry, and biochemistry. A
great application of nanoscale materials in molecular and cell biology,
respectively in medicine has been discovered recently. They could be
considered as building blocks of human being organisms, nanostructured
by molecules and atoms, receiving step by step, molecule by
molecule, atom by atom. Nanotechnology, has been proved to be a very
good and useful tool for biomedical, molecular and cellular applications,
and in nanomedicine too. The aim of the work, presented could be
formulated as follows: to give some basic new approaches, regarding
application of nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nano and biocomposites
for cancer and rare disease treatment. Also mathematical and computational
models, reflecting effects of model's parameters, and some main
problems for cancer therapy and rare diseases have been given.