Just as employees tend to specialize in certain emotions
and ignore others, organizational culture appear to build its
institutions on the elaboration and repression of different
emotional structures. Managers must be aware that emotions generate certain
disorders/imbalances that cause tension and conflict. In
general, employee behavior and decision performance are
converging towards (1) either the need to live pleasant
emotions (constructive attitude - fight for positive results) or
(2) the need to avoid unpleasant emotions (preventive
attitude - lack of involvement of the desire to avoid negative
results).
Thinking about the motivation process (needs - effort -
performance - rewards - satisfaction) and basic emotions
(fear, disgust, sadness, anger, joy), we believe that the most
intense emotions/affects will have major effects on
organizational performance.
The fear generated by the perception of intense needs can
amplify motivation if the employee considers that he is in
the possession of all required resources and can diminish it
in the opposite case. If an employee is strongly motivated
to do an effort, but is afraid that he might not possess the
required skills, for instance, he will feel uncomfortable and
will be permanently worried. Moreover, he may experience
sadness in his work process if he doesn’t receive adequate
support from the manager and/or colleagues. If he still fails
to achieve the level of performance required by the
organization and/or expected by himself, in spite of sustained
efforts, the employee will experience feelings of uselessness,
inadequacy, guilt, etc. Conversely, if he manages to achieve
high-level performance, he will experience joy and pride. If
the valence of performance is low, it means that there is no
correlation between the performance and reward and the
employee will therefore experience anger and disgust. If
the valence is higher, the rewards received will be deserved
and he will experience joy and gratification. A lot of
emotions may occur in relation to job satisfaction. The
perception of job satisfaction requires both cognitive and
emotional processes as it requires a kind of evaluative
judgment about how "good" the organization and the job
are, compared to the needs, desires and expectations of
employees. The main questions that an employee asks
himself are: What do I feel? How would I like to feel? How
did I want to feel? Are my needs satisfied or not? The main
emotions experienced in relation to satisfaction are fulfillment/
failure, joy/frustration, satisfaction/ dissatisfaction, etc.
The organizational variables (external to the individual) with
a major impact on the cognitive, affective and volitional
aspects of the motivation process are: the job itself (skill
variety, task identity, task significance, task completeness,
autonomy, feedback), labor conditions and variety,
performance standards for employees, relations between
employees, workplace security, procedural justice, policy,
organizational communication, rewards, various benefits,
organizational climate, personal development opportunities,
advancement opportunities, organization management and
procedures, support strategies, action guiding techniques
and tools, collective mobilization by managers, colleagues,
subordinates, etc.
The reactions (behaviors) determined by strong emotions are
extremely quick and, often subjective and unpredictable. In
spite of this, the managers must be aware that within the
organization they are responsible for, the emotional climate
(i.e. the way that the employees relate to one another) can
influence the motivation process for labor performance. For
the beginning, they should concern themselves not so much
with temporary moods, such as personal/individual feelings
(happy/upset, pride/ shame, openness/fear,
availability/avoidance), as with the ever-present workplace
emotional phenomena pertaining to tasks, programs,
measures, actions, etc. correlated with motivation for
performance. These emotional phenomena include feelings of
security/insecurity, optimism/pessimism, confort/anxiety,
satisfaction/dissatisfaction, enthusiasm/indifference, honesty/
dishonesty, creativity/conservatism, justice/discrimination,
etc.).
Just as employees tend to specialize in certain emotions
and ignore others, organizational culture appear to build its
institutions on the elaboration and repression of different
emotional structures. Managers must be aware that emotions generate certain
disorders/imbalances that cause tension and conflict. In
general, employee behavior and decision performance are
converging towards (1) either the need to live pleasant
emotions (constructive attitude - fight for positive results) or
(2) the need to avoid unpleasant emotions (preventive
attitude - lack of involvement of the desire to avoid negative
results).
Thinking about the motivation process (needs - effort -
performance - rewards - satisfaction) and basic emotions
(fear, disgust, sadness, anger, joy), we believe that the most
intense emotions/affects will have major effects on
organizational performance.
The fear generated by the perception of intense needs can
amplify motivation if the employee considers that he is in
the possession of all required resources and can diminish it
in the opposite case. If an employee is strongly motivated
to do an effort, but is afraid that he might not possess the
required skills, for instance, he will feel uncomfortable and
will be permanently worried. Moreover, he may experience
sadness in his work process if he doesn’t receive adequate
support from the manager and/or colleagues. If he still fails
to achieve the level of performance required by the
organization and/or expected by himself, in spite of sustained
efforts, the employee will experience feelings of uselessness,
inadequacy, guilt, etc. Conversely, if he manages to achieve
high-level performance, he will experience joy and pride. If
the valence of performance is low, it means that there is no
correlation between the performance and reward and the
employee will therefore experience anger and disgust. If
the valence is higher, the rewards received will be deserved
and he will experience joy and gratification. A lot of
emotions may occur in relation to job satisfaction. The
perception of job satisfaction requires both cognitive and
emotional processes as it requires a kind of evaluative
judgment about how "good" the organization and the job
are, compared to the needs, desires and expectations of
employees. The main questions that an employee asks
himself are: What do I feel? How would I like to feel? How
did I want to feel? Are my needs satisfied or not? The main
emotions experienced in relation to satisfaction are fulfillment/
failure, joy/frustration, satisfaction/ dissatisfaction, etc.
The organizational variables (external to the individual) with
a major impact on the cognitive, affective and volitional
aspects of the motivation process are: the job itself (skill
variety, task identity, task significance, task completeness,
autonomy, feedback), labor conditions and variety,
performance standards for employees, relations between
employees, workplace security, procedural justice, policy,
organizational communication, rewards, various benefits,
organizational climate, personal development opportunities,
advancement opportunities, organization management and
procedures, support strategies, action guiding techniques
and tools, collective mobilization by managers, colleagues,
subordinates, etc.
The reactions (behaviors) determined by strong emotions are
extremely quick and, often subjective and unpredictable. In
spite of this, the managers must be aware that within the
organization they are responsible for, the emotional climate
(i.e. the way that the employees relate to one another) can
influence the motivation process for labor performance. For
the beginning, they should concern themselves not so much
with temporary moods, such as personal/individual feelings
(happy/upset, pride/ shame, openness/fear,
availability/avoidance), as with the ever-present workplace
emotional phenomena pertaining to tasks, programs,
measures, actions, etc. correlated with motivation for
performance. These emotional phenomena include feelings of
security/insecurity, optimism/pessimism, confort/anxiety,
satisfaction/dissatisfaction, enthusiasm/indifference, honesty/
dishonesty, creativity/conservatism, justice/discrimination,
etc.).
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