The notion that animals gather information about their social environs by
watching interactions between others has most recently been cast in terms of
communication networks and eavesdropping (McGregor & Peake 2000).
Eavesdropping can be considered a special case of observational learning that
entails gathering information by watching interactions between conspecifics.
Much of the recent empirical work in this area has focused on whether fishes
eavesdrop on aggressive contests, a context in which the participants likely accrue
more costs than the observer (e.g. Oliveira et al. 1998; Earley & Dugatkin 2002).
Generally speaking, the more costly a particular behavior is to those
performing it, the greater the benefits accrued via observation (as opposed to
direct experience). Predator inspection, which can have direct negative effects on
the inspectorssurvival (Dugatkin 1992a, 1997; Milinski et al. 1997; but see Godin
& Davis 1995a,b; Milinski & Bolthauser 1995), would seem to fit these criteria.
Individuals who can assess which groupmates are more likely to cooperate in the
future without risking the costs associated with predator inspection should have
an advantage over those who learn only through interaction. Hence, predator
824 S. F. Brosnan, R. L. Earley & L. A. Dugatkininspection behavior may be ideal for investigating whether individuals can learn
about the behavior of conspecifics observationally
The notion that animals gather information about their social environs by
watching interactions between others has most recently been cast in terms of
communication networks and eavesdropping (McGregor & Peake 2000).
Eavesdropping can be considered a special case of observational learning that
entails gathering information by watching interactions between conspecifics.
Much of the recent empirical work in this area has focused on whether fishes
eavesdrop on aggressive contests, a context in which the participants likely accrue
more costs than the observer (e.g. Oliveira et al. 1998; Earley & Dugatkin 2002).
Generally speaking, the more costly a particular behavior is to those
performing it, the greater the benefits accrued via observation (as opposed to
direct experience). Predator inspection, which can have direct negative effects on
the inspectorssurvival (Dugatkin 1992a, 1997; Milinski et al. 1997; but see Godin
& Davis 1995a,b; Milinski & Bolthauser 1995), would seem to fit these criteria.
Individuals who can assess which groupmates are more likely to cooperate in the
future without risking the costs associated with predator inspection should have
an advantage over those who learn only through interaction. Hence, predator
824 S. F. Brosnan, R. L. Earley & L. A. Dugatkininspection behavior may be ideal for investigating whether individuals can learn
about the behavior of conspecifics observationally
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
