Concerning the second research question, it was hypothe-
sized that the PME alone, but not the VME alone, condition
would enhance students’ understanding of
H
&
T
concepts as
compared to the control condition (Hypothesis 2a). In contrast,
according to VME advocates, both PME and VME would
enhance students’ understanding of
H
&
T
concepts as
compared to the control condition (Hypothesis 2b).
Concerning the third research question, it was hypothe-
sized that the condition of partial exposure to physicality
with PME preceeding VME would promote students’
understanding of
H
&
T
concepts more than the condition of
VME preceding PME (Hypothesis 3a). The contrasting
hypothesis was that the two sequences would not differ in
their effects on students’ understanding of
H
&
T
concepts
(Hypothesis 3b)